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Draw poker variant

A best hand in badugi, a four-high badugi.

Badugi (also known as

badougi, paduki or padooki) is a draw poker variant similar to triple draw, with

hand-values similar to lowball. The betting structure and overall play of the game is

identical to a standard poker game using blinds, but, unlike traditional poker which

involves a minimum of five cards, players' hands contain only four cards at any one

time. During each of three drawing rounds, players can trade zero to four cards from

their hands for new ones from the deck, in an attempt to form the best badugi hand and

win the pot. Badugi is often a gambling game, with the object being to win money in the

form of pots. The winner of the pot is the person with the best badugi hand at the

conclusion of play (known as the showdown). Badugi is played in cardrooms around the

world, as well as online, in rooms such as PokerStars.[1] Although it hasn’t had its

own tournament per se at the WSOP, it is featured in the Dealers Choice events as well

as in the Triple Draw Mix.[2] The 2024 WSOP event does have a Badugi tournament

scheduled.

Origin [ edit ]

Game origin [ edit ]

There is some controversy over the

origin of this game, which has been played at least since the 1980s.[citation needed]

Bill Rosmus reports that in the 1980s in Winnipeg, Canada it was played under the name

Off Suit Lowball in the back room of pool halls and back room poker clubs.[citation

needed] Bryan Micon says he has been told by several Korean players that it was also

played in South Korea in the 1980s. The name of the game means “black and white spotted

dog” in Korean. The game Go has a similar name in Korean, “baduk”, derived from the

same word.[2]

Another ancestor of badugi is displayed in a game played in Toronto in

the 1970s and 1980s, "off on high low", and its variant" leapfrog." In both games the

objective was to make a 5 card hand, with a pair being mandatory. Either an "off" hand

(all 4 other cards different suits), or an "on" hand (all 4 other cards of one suit).

"Leapfrog" made this much more difficult with stipulation that the cards must not

"touch" each other, in terms of pip value. Oftentimes, the pot would "stay," making for

a juicy start to the next hand.[citation needed]

Etymology [ edit ]

Nick Wedd reports

that the Korean word baduk, or badug refers to a black and white pattern—a black and

white pet dog may be called "badugi"—which gives rise to the Korean name baduk for the

board game Go, played with black and white stones.[3]

Play of the hand [ edit ]

Play

begins with each player being dealt four cards face down. The hand begins with a

"pre-draw" betting round, beginning with the player to the left of the big blind (or

the player to the left of the dealer, if no blinds are used) and continuing clockwise.

Each player must either call the amount of the big blind (put in an amount equal to the

big blind), fold (relinquish any claim to the pot), or raise (put in more money than

anyone else, thus requiring others to do the same, or fold).[1]

Once everyone has put

the same amount of money in the pot or folded, play proceeds to the draw. Beginning

with the first player still in the pot to the left of the dealer, each player may

discard any number of cards and receive an equal number of replacement cards (called

the "draw"). Replacement cards are dealt before the next player chooses the number of

cards to draw. The discarded cards are not returned to the deck but are discarded for

the remainder of the hand unless the deck becomes depleted, at which point the discards

are reshuffled to reform the deck (this could be in the middle of a draw request, but

the deck should first be depleted, then reformed after which the draw may continue from

the reformed deck).[citation needed]

The first draw is followed by a second betting

round. Here players are free to check (not put in any money, but also remain in the

hand) until someone bets. Again betting proceeds until all players have put in an equal

amount of money or folded. After the second betting round ends, there is another draw

followed by a third betting round. After that there is the final draw, followed by a

fourth betting round and the showdown, if necessary.[citation needed]

If at any time

all players but one have folded, the sole remaining player is awarded the pot. If there

is more than one player remaining at the conclusion of the final betting round, the

hands of those players are compared and the player with the best badugi hand is awarded

the pot.[citation needed]

Hand evaluation [ edit ]

Badugi ranks cards low to high as in

traditional poker, except with aces being low. Thereafter, there is a different ranking

of hands than traditional poker, with hands having distinct sets of ranks and suits

being superior. Then, for sets of equal size, hands with lower rank of cards are

superior (as in lowball).

The badugi hand can consist of 1–4 cards of distinct rank and

suit. Any duplicated suit or rank in a hand is disregarded.[citation needed] Any

four-card badugi hand beats a three-card badugi hand, a three-card hand beats a

two-card hand, and a two-card hand beats a one-card hand.[4] A four-card badugi hand

that consists of all four suits is called a "badugi".[5]

Two badugi hands containing

the same number of cards are evaluated by comparing the highest ranking card in each

hand (where ace is low). As in lowball, the hand with the lower ranking high card is

superior. If there is a tie for the highest card, the second highest card (if there is

one) is compared. If the ranks of all the cards in the badugi hand are the same, the

two hands tie. Suits are irrelevant in the comparison of two hands.

The best possible

hand is A234 of four different suits. The worst possible hand is K? K? K? K?.

Here are

a few additional examples:

2 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ? beats A ? 2 ? 3 ? 7 ? (both are four-card

hands) since the highest card is compared first and the 6 ? is smaller than 7 ? .

beats

(both are four-card hands) since the highest card is compared first and the is smaller

than . 4 ? 5 ? 6 ? K ? beats 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 7 ? since the former is a four-card hand and

the latter is a three-card hand. (The 3 ? is disregarded as a duplicate spade, so the

hand is a three-card 247.)

beats since the former is a four-card hand and the latter is

a three-card hand. (The is disregarded as a duplicate spade, so the hand is a

three-card 247.) A ? 5 ? 9 ? 9 ? beats A ? 2 ? 2 ? J ? They reduce to the three-card

hands A59 and A2J.

beats They reduce to the three-card hands A59 and A2J. 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 7

? beats 4 ? 5 ? 6 ? K ? both are three-card hands, but the highest in the former is the

7 ? while the highest in the latter is the K ? .

beats both are three-card hands, but

the highest in the former is the while the highest in the latter is the . A ? 2 ? 3 ? 3

? and A ? 2 ? 3 ? K ? are of the same strength, since both of them reduce to the

three-card hand A23. The redundant ( 3 ? and K ? ) do not affect the strength of the

hands as they are disregarded.

and are of the same strength, since both of them reduce

to the three-card hand A23. The redundant ( and ) do not affect the strength of the

hands as they are disregarded. 5 ? 7 ? K ? K ? beats 2 ? 3 ? K ? K ? as the former is a

three-card hand (after disregarding the K ? ) while the latter is a two-card hand (both

kings are disregarded since each is the same suit as another card in the hand).

If one

can construct two (or more) different badugi hands with the same four cards (as in the

final example), the better badugi hand is evaluated against the other hands. This

occurs when there are at least two cards of the same suit; one of which is paired.

Here, disregarding the paired, suited card generates a better hand than disregarding

any other card.

Example hand [ edit ]

The blinds for this example hand

Here is a sample

deal involving four players. The players' individual hands will not be revealed until

the showdown, to give a better sense of what happens during play:

Compulsory bets:

Alice is the dealer. Bob, to Alice's left, posts a small blind ofR$1, and Carol posts a

big blind ofR$2.

First betting round: Alice deals four cards face down to each player,

beginning with Bob and ending with herself. Ted must act first because he is the first

player after the big blind. He cannot check, since theR$2 big blind plays as a bet, so

he folds. Alice calls theR$2. Bob adds an additionalR$1 to hisR$1 small blind to call

theR$2 total. Carol's blind is "live", so she has the option to raise here, but she

checks instead, ending the first betting round. The pot now containsR$6,R$2 from each

of three players.

First draw: Each player may now opt to draw up to four cards in an

attempt to improve his hand. Bob, who is to the dealer's immediate left, is given the

first chance to draw. Bob discards two cards and receives two replacement cards from

the top of the deck. Bob's discarded cards are not added to the deck, but removed from

play. Carol now also chooses to draw two. Finally, Alice chooses to draw one.

Second

betting round: Since there are no forced bets in later betting rounds, Bob is now first

to act. He chooses to check, remaining in the hand without betting. Carol bets,

addingR$2 to the pot. Alice and Bob both call, each addingR$2 to the pot. The pot now

containsR$12.

Second draw: Bob draws one. Carol opts not to draw any cards, keeping the

four she has (known as standing pat). Alice draws one.

Third betting round: Bob checks

again and Carol betsR$4. Alice, this round, raises making the total betR$8. Bob folds

and Carol calls the additionalR$4. The pot now containsR$28.

Third draw: Since Bob has

folded, Carol is now first to act. She opts to draw one. Alice stands pat (does not

draw).

Last betting round: Carol checks and Alice betsR$4. Carol calls.

Showdown: Alice

shows 2? 4? 6? 9? for a nine-high badugi (or four card hand). Carol has 3? 5? 7? 8?, an

eight-high badugi. Carol wins theR$36 pot.

Betting structures [ edit ]

In casino play,

it is common to use a fixed limit and two blinds. The limit for the first two rounds of

betting is called a small bet, while the limit for the third and fourth betting rounds

is called a big bet and is generally double the small bet. The small blind is usually

equal to half of a small bet, and the big blind is equal to a full small bet.

This game

is also played pot-limit, half-pot-limit, and rarely, no-limit. These structures allow

for more range in the amounts bet.

Strategy [ edit ]

Like other card games with a fixed

order of play, position can be an important component in badugi strategy.[1] Players

who are last to act often have an opportunity to bluff since they are able to observe

the actions of other players before they act. In addition, players in late position are

able to determine the strength of their hand more accurately by observing the actions

of other players. Overall, people tend to play Badugi tighter than other draw games,

meaning they fold more hands pre-draw. This seems to be advisable to everyone.

When

drawing one card, there are only ten cards which will fill the badugi, the members of

the fourth suit which don't pair the other three cards. A player holding a badugi can

use this to estimate odds. For example, a player with an 8 high hand, knows at most 5

cards (A to 8, less the three pairs) will fill an opponent's hand.

Another aspect of

the strategy of badugi involves the number of people at the table. The more people

there are at the table, the more likely there is to be a 4-card badugi. Bluffing with a

2 or 3 card hand is not usually advisable when playing at a 6-player table. When

playing with fewer than 4 people, bluffing becomes potentially more effective with a

three-card hand.[citation needed][6]

If a player has a three-card badugi such as A? 2?

3? 3? in the first round, the probability of making a four-card badugi by the final

draw is 51%. With a one-card draw, the chance of making a badugi is approximately 21%

per draw.[7]

In badugi, the pot odds often justify or contradict making a call or

folding a hand.[8]

References [ edit ]

Further reading [ edit ]